Understanding IBS: Symptoms, Causes, and Management Strategies

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an umbrella term for a collection of symptoms that affect the stomach and small intestine. It causes uncomfortable and painful symptoms, which can be managed through diet, medication, and lifestyle changes. However, some people can experience severe IBS symptoms as well, which can disrupt daily life. An understanding of IBS can help one manage or prevent this condition effectively.

This article discusses irritable bowel syndrome, its causes, symptoms, and more.

What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

IBS is a chronic gastrointestinal disease or condition affecting the stomach and small intestine. IBS is a common but uncomfortable condition. It does not increase the risk of bowel tissue change or colon cancer. Typical IBS symptoms include bloating, gas, constipation, or diarrhoea.

What are Irritable Bowel Syndrome Causes?

Some factors that can play a role in developing IBS include:

1. Intestinal Muscle Contractions – Strong and weak muscle contractions in the small intestine can lead to irritable bowel syndrome. Stronger contractions can cause gas, bloating, and diarrhoea. Weaker contractions can lead to hard, dry stools.
2. Nervous System – Issues with the nerves present in the digestive system can cause an overreaction to regular digestive changes, leading to IBS symptoms.
3. Severe Infection – Diarrhoea caused by a severe bacterial or viral infection can trigger IBS. IBS can also develop due to an overgrowth of bacteria in the intestines.
4. Changes in Gut Microbes – The intestines contain bacteria, viruses, and fungi that contribute to overall health. A change in these gut microbes can cause IBS symptoms.

Common IBS triggers include:

• Food: Certain foods or beverages may worsen symptoms.
• Stress: Stress can worsen IBS symptoms.

What are IBS Symptoms?

Typical IBS symptoms include:

• Belly pain, cramping, or bloating associated with passing stool
• Changes in stool appearance
• Changes in bowel movement frequency

Severe symptoms requiring immediate medical attention include:

• Weight loss
• Diarrhoea at night
• Rectal bleeding
• Iron deficiency anaemia
• Unexplained vomiting

What are the Risk Factors of IBS?

Common risk factors include:

• Age: IBS commonly occurs in people below 50 years.
• Family History: Having a family history of IBS increases the likelihood of developing it.
• Mental Health: Anxiety, stress, and other mental health issues can elevate IBS risk.
• Sex: Females are more likely to develop IBS compared to males.

How is IBS Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome involves medical history, a physical exam, and several tests.

Common IBS diagnostic tests include:

• Blood Test: Checks for digestive system issues or diseases causing symptoms.
• Stool Test: Determines infections or inflammation in the bowel.
• Hydrogen Breath Test: Detects bacterial overgrowth or certain food intolerances.
• Colonoscopy: Examines the colon using a camera to rule out bowel disorders.
• Upper Endoscopy: Used to diagnose celiac disease or other gastrointestinal conditions.

How to Manage IBS?

For irritable bowel syndrome self-care, one can follow the tips below:

1. Increase Dietary Fibre – Adding fibre-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, and prunes can help alleviate constipation.
2. Limit Dairy Products – Lactose intolerance is common in people with IBS. Limiting dairy and including non-dairy, calcium-rich foods like spinach can help reduce symptoms.
3. Avoid Gluten – People with IBS may be sensitive to gluten. A gluten-free diet may help after consulting a doctor.
4. Exercise Regularly – Moderate physical activity (at least 150 minutes per week) can help manage IBS symptoms.
5. Get Enough Sleep – Good-quality sleep helps lower stress, a common trigger for IBS symptoms.

By following these steps and doctor-recommended IBS treatment, irritable bowel syndrome management becomes easier. While IBS does not increase the risk of other digestive conditions, symptoms can sometimes overlap. Upon noticing symptoms, individuals should consult a doctor and get tested at Dr Lal PathLabs for timely diagnosis and treatment.

FAQs

1. What are the symptoms of IBS in females?

Common IBS symptoms in females include:

• Abdominal pain
• Excess gas
• Diarrhoea
• Mucus in stool

2. When is World Irritable Bowel Syndrome Day?

World IBS Day is observed on 19 April.