What to Do If You Suspect You Have Dengue Fever

Dengue fever is a viral infection that affects thousands of people every year. The National Centre for Vector Borne Diseases (NCVBD) reported nearly 300 deaths due to dengue in India in 2024. India is particularly affected during the monsoon season, when increased mosquito breeding raises the risk of transmission. The disease can cause severe complications if not identified and managed properly.

This article will discuss dengue fever, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis methods, management approaches, and strategies to help individuals respond appropriately when they suspect a dengue fever infection.

What is Dengue Fever?

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection which is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is active during daylight hours. Dengue infection can cause a range of illnesses, from mild to severe symptoms, which may require immediate medical attention

Read more about mosquito-borne disease

Dengue fever is common in tropical and subtropical regions, especially during rainy seasons when mosquitoes breed in large numbers.

What Causes Dengue Infection?

The causes of dengue infection are the dengue virus (DENV), which has four types: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. The infection spreads when an infected Aedes mosquito bites a person.

These mosquitoes breed in clean, stagnant water usually found in containers around homes. A person can get different types of dengue fever multiple times, as immunity to one type of dengue virus will not protect them against others.

What are the Common Dengue Symptoms and Warning Signs?

Detecting early dengue symptoms is important as it helps in proper management. The dengue symptoms will typically appear 4-10 days after a mosquito bites an individual. Common dengue symptoms include:

• Sudden high fever (40°C/104°F)
• Severe headache, particularly behind the eyes
• Intense joint and muscle pain
• Skin rash that will appear 2-5 days after fever
• Nausea and vomiting
• Mild bleeding (such as nose bleeds, bleeding gums)

In some cases, dengue fever may progress to severe dengue, with warning signs such as:

• Severe abdominal pain
• Persistent vomiting
• Rapid breathing
• Bleeding gums or nose
• Blood in vomit or stool
• Extreme thirst
• Pale and cold skin

How is Dengue Diagnosed?

If a person shows dengue symptoms, healthcare providers will recommend tests for dengue which include:

• NS1 Antigen Test: It can detect the virus within the first 5 days
• IgM and IgG Antibody Tests: Can detect antibodies produced against the dengue virus
• Complete Blood Count: This is to check for low platelets, a common finding in dengue fever

Early diagnosis through appropriate tests for dengue helps in timely management and prevention of complications. If dengue is suspected, one should get tested promptly, but only as prescribed by a doctor.

What to do When Dengue is Suspected?

Not every mosquito bite leads to dengue fever. However, if a person suspects they have been bitten by an infected mosquito and starts showing dengue symptoms, certain measures should be taken. Understanding what to do if dengue mosquito bites someone is important for timely management:

• Get Medical Attention: It is important to receive timely diagnosis and appropriate medical care.
• Rest Properly: The body needs sufficient rest in order to recover from dengue fever.
• Maintain Proper Hydration: Drink clean water, fruit juices, and oral rehydration solutions regularly.
• Monitor Temperature Regularly: Track dengue fever to observe any unusual or worsening patterns.
• Watch for Warning Signs of Severe Dengue: Stay alert for any serious or unexpected changes in condition.
• Follow the Doctor’s Advice About Medication: Only take the medicines prescribed by a healthcare provider.
• Avoid Aspirin and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: These medicines may raise the risk of internal bleeding.
• Continue to Monitor Platelet Count: Platelet levels often drop during dengue and require regular checks.

During dengue fever, it is important to check how much urine is passed and what colour it is. Dark urine can be a sign of dehydration. Family members should write down any symptoms and changes in temperature. If there is nausea, eating small meals more often is better than having big meals. If platelet levels drop a lot, the person may need to go to hospital for careful monitoring.

How can Dengue be Prevented?

Prevention remains the best approach to avoid dengue fever:

• Eliminate mosquito breeding sites by removing stored water.
• Use mosquito repellents during daytime.
• Wear full-sleeved clothing.
• Use mosquito nets or screens.
• Keep the environment clean.

Individuals experiencing dengue symptoms consult a healthcare provider immediately. Early detection through appropriate tests for dengue can improve outcomes.

For accurate diagnosis of dengue infection, download the Dr Lal PathLabs app to schedule reliable testing services.

FAQs

1. What should a person do if they think they have dengue fever?

If an individual suspects dengue fever, they should see a doctor immediately, rest, drink plenty of fluids, and monitor symptoms closely. Knowing what to do if dengue mosquito bites someone can help prevent complications.

2. How is dengue fever confirmed?

Dengue fever is confirmed through specific blood tests such as the NS1 antigen test and antibody tests, along with assessment of clinical symptoms.

3. How long does dengue fever last?

Dengue fever typically lasts for 2 to 7 days. Most people recover within 1-2 weeks, but weakness may continue for several weeks.